Announcing the change on Twitter on Saturday, he wrote: "The being formally [sic] known as Kanye West. I am YE."Â
West, 41, has been nicknamed Ye for some time and used the moniker as the title for his eighth album, which was released in June.
The change came ahead of his appearance on Saturday Night Live, where he was expected to launch his new album Yandhi.
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As well as being an abbreviation of his current professional name, West has previously said the word has religious significance for him.
"I believe 'ye' is the most commonly used word in the Bible, and in the Bible, it means 'you,'" West said earlier this year, discussing his album title with radio host Big Boy.
"So I'm you, I'm us, it's us. It went from Kanye, which means the only one, to just Ye - just being a reflection of our good, our bad, our confused, everything. The album is more of a reflection of who we are."
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the being formally known as Kanye West
— ye (@kanyewest) September 29, 2018
I am YE
He is one of a number of famous rappers to change their name.
Sean Combs has been variously known as Puff Daddy, P. Diddy or Diddy, but this year announced his preference for the names Love and Brother Love.